Comparing the Female Pirates Anne Bonny and Mary Read

During the Golden Age of Piracy (1700–1725), legendary pirates like Blackbeard, Bartholomew Roberts, and Charles Vane commanded mighty ships, terrorizing any merchant unfortunate enough to cross their path. Yet two of the most famous pirates from this age served on a third-rate pirate ship under a second-rate captain, and they never held an important position on board such as quartermaster or boatswain. They were Anne Bonny and Mary Read: bold women who left behind the stereotypical domestic chores of women at the time in favor of a life of adventure on the high seas. Here, we separate fact from myth in regards to two of historys greatest swashbucklerettes. They Were Both Raised as Boys Mary Read was born into complicated circumstances. Her mother married a sailor and they had a son. The sailor was lost at sea about the time Mary’s mother found herself pregnant with Mary, by another man. The boy, Mary’s half-brother, died when Mary was very little. The sailor’s family did not know about Mary, so her mother dressed her as a boy and passed her off as her dead half-brother in order to get financial support from her mother-in-law. Apparently, the scheme worked, at least for a while. Anne Bonny was born out of wedlock to a lawyer and his maid. He grew fond of the girl and wished to bring her into his home, but everyone in town knew he had an illegitimate daughter. Therefore, he dressed her as a boy and passed her off as the son of some distant relations. Bonny and Read may have been in a somewhat precarious situation—two women on board a pirate ship—but pity the fool who tried to take advantage of them. Before turning pirate, Read, dressed as a man, served as a soldier in an infantry regiment and once she became a pirate she was not afraid of accepting (and winning) duels with other pirates. Bonny was described as â€Å"robust† and, according to one of her shipmates, Captain Charles Johnson, she once badly beat a would-be rapist: â€Å"†¦once, when a young Fellow would have lain with her, against her Will, she beat him so, that he lay ill of it a considerable Time.† Piracy as a Womans Career If Bonny and Read are any indications the pirate captains of the golden age were missing out by sticking to all-male crews. The two were every bit as good at fighting, manning the ship, drinking and cursing as any other member of the crew, and maybe better. One captive said of them that they â€Å"were both very profligate, cursing and swearing much, and very ready and willing to do anything on board.† Like most of the pirates of the era, Bonny and Read made the conscious decision to become pirates. Bonny, who was married and living in the Caribbean, decided to run off with Calico Jack Rackham and join his pirate crew. Read was captured by pirates and served with them for a while before accepting a pardon. She then joined an anti-pirate privateering expedition: the would-be pirate hunters, most of whom were former pirates themselves, soon mutinied and returned to their old ways. Read was one of those who actively convinced the others to take up piracy again. Although they’re arguably the most famous real-life female pirates, Anne Bonny and Mary Read are far from being the only women ever to take up piracy. The most notorious was Ching Shih (1775–1844), a one-time Chinese prostitute who became a pirate. At the height of her power, she commanded 1,800 ships and 80,000 pirates. Her rule of the seas off of China was nearly absolute. Grace O’Malley (1530?–1603) was a semi-legendary Irish chieftain and pirate. Working Together and on Crews According to Captain Johnson, who knew both Read and Bonny, the two met while both were serving on Calico Jack’s pirate ship. Both were disguised as men. Bonny became attracted to Read and revealed that she was really a woman. Read then also revealed herself to be a woman, much to Bonny’s disappointment. Calico Jack Rackham, Bonny’s lover, was allegedly very jealous of Bonny’s attraction to Read until he learned the truth, at which point he helped both of them cover up their real gender. Rackham may have been in on the ruse, but it apparently wasn’t much of a secret. At the trials of Rackham and his pirates, several witnesses came forth to testify against them. One such witness was Dorothy Thomas, who had been captured by Rackham’s crew and held as a prisoner for a time. According to Thomas, Bonny and Read dressed as men, fought with pistols and machetes like any other pirate and were twice as ruthless. She said that the women had wanted to murder Thomas to prevent her from eventually testifying against them. Thomas said she knew them at once to be women â€Å"by the largeness of their breasts.† Other captives said that although they dressed like men for battle, they dressed like women the rest of the time. They Didn’t Go Out Without a Fight Rackham and his crew had been active in piracy on and off since 1718 when in October of 1720, Rackham was discovered by pirate hunters led by Captain Jonathan Barnet. Barnet cornered them off the coast of Jamaica and in an exchange of cannon fire, Rackhams ship was disabled. While Rackham and the other pirates cowered below decks, Read and Bonny remained on the decks, fighting. They verbally berated the men for their spinelessness and Mary Read even fired a shot into the hold, killing one of the cowards. Later, in one of the most famous pirate quotes of all time, Bonny told Rackham in prison: Im sorry to see you here, but if you had fought like a man, you need not have hanged like a dog. They Escaped Hanging Because of Their â€Å"Condition† Rackham and his pirates were swiftly tried and found guilty. Most of them were hanged on Nov. 18, 1720. Bonny and Read were also sentenced to hang, but both of them declared they were pregnant. A judge ordered their claim checked out and it was found to be true, a fact which automatically commuted their death sentence. Read died in prison shortly thereafter, but Bonny survived. No one knows for sure what became of her and her child. Some say she reconciled with her rich father, some say she remarried and lived in Port Royal or Nassau. An Inspirational Tale The story of Anne Bonny and Mary Read has captivated people ever since their arrest. Captain Charles Johnson featured them prominently in his 1724 book,   A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most  notorious  Pyrates, which certainly helped his sales. Later on, the notion of female pirates as romantic figures gained traction. In 1728 (less than ten years after Bonny and Reads arrest), noted playwright John Gay wrote the Opera Polly, a sequel to his acclaimed Beggars Opera. In the opera, young Polly Peachum comes to the New World and takes up piracy as she searches for her husband. Female pirates have been part of romantic pirate lore ever since. Even modern fictional she-pirates like Angelica, played by Penelope Cruz in Pirates of the Caribbean: on Stranger Tides (2011) owe their existence to Read and Bonny. In fact, its safe to say that Bonny and Read have had a far greater impact on popular culture than they ever had on eighteenth-century shipping and commerce. Sources Cawthorne, Nigel. A History of Pirates: Blood and Thunder on the High Seas. Edison: Chartwell Books, 2005. Cordingly, David. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996 Defoe, Daniel. A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999. Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: Lyons Press, 2009 Rediker, Marcus. Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004.

Food the Succulence in Deceit - 1723 Words

In the American supermarket, we have access to an array of food products. These products, in most cases, appeal to our baser needs to eat items rich in flavor. For example, McDonald’s commercials prey on our weaknesses; depicting a slender man or woman of reasonable attractiveness eating their product, a succulent hamburger composed of what they claim to be fresh ingredients. Many people assume that these items, because they are sold in the supermarket, are generally healthy but this is far from the truth. In reality, the corporations producing the food we consume have a blatant disregard for the healthiness of the product nor the consumer. The major food corporations that produce these products pose a threat to our health, attested by the†¦show more content†¦In the meat field, there is also unhygienic practices. The animals enter the same way in which they left the industrialized farm, unhealthy, in most cases, and filthy. To cleanse the animals of their filth, they are treated to a quick spray of water. Of course, this futile attempt does not remove all of the manure from their hides. If an animal, shows any signs of sickness; it will still be slaughtered. For example, in the film they showed a clip of cows outside the slaughterhouse that were simply too weak to walk being forcefully herded into the slaughterhouse. This practice increases the probability of contamination and exposure to dangerous pathogens. The finished product contains meat from not few but thousands of animals. When that many animals are mixed within one finished product, the likelihood that the product is tainted by feces, salmonella, E. Coli or any another pathogen increases tenfold. Despite the increased number of outbreaks in several dangerous pathogens, the regulatory agencies are lax in their policies toward the food industry. The food industry holds immense power, to say the least, and they have equally powerful supporters. For example, the biotechnology company Mon santo, whom has numerous former employees holding office of consequence in the USDA and the FDA. These clever infiltrators have the power to influence the laws and to skew them in favor of their benefactor. Currently, the FDA is being advised by a Mr. Michael Taylor, who formerly

Management Style Essays - 660 Words

Management Style Essay Joyce Davis HCS/325 3/23/2015 Management Style Essay Introduction Today’s paper is about management styles. I will discuss things; such as what management is and what are the good and poor qualities of managers. In addition; do these conditions change based on the social environment, work environment or home environment? Last, I will discuss the results of my management quiz. This part of the discussion will focus on whether or not I agree or disagree with those results. What do you define as management? Management equals having the ability to lead, plan, organize, control, make decisions, and direct others in achieving an organization’s goals and their mission. Managers perform many†¦show more content†¦Do the qualities change based on different situations? It is my belief that these qualities do not change. â€Å"Leadership roles are all around us, not just in a work environment† (SkillsYouNeed, 2015). â€Å"They can be applied to any situation where you are required to take the lead, professionally, socially and at home in family settings† (SkillsYouNeed, 2015). I do not feel that you can just dismiss these qualities whenever you wish. However, I feel that you need to be able to adapt to whatever environment you find yourself. Do you agree with the results of your management quiz? I agree with the outcome of the exam. Taking the test was an excellent experiment! It allowed me to see whether or not I would make a good manager. According to the results, a managerial position would be in line with my personality. The test result indicated that I had the ability to manage and govern myself. It lets me know; I have the capacity to control and supervise others. As stated before if one can not govern one’s self, it makes no sense attempting to direct others. According to the exam; when it comes to managing my team’s work it states â€Å"It sounds like you are getting your staff on the same page about goals and plans to achieve them, delegating well, and ensuring results match what you are looking for† (Management Center, 2015). Conclusion Today, I discussed management styles. I also explained things; such as what management is and what are the good and poorShow MoreRelated The Management Style at Cadbury Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesA description of the management style used at Cadbury There are three main management styles that a business can have these are:  · Democratic  · Consultative  · Autocratic  · Laissez-faire Cadbury’s management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. 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Good Country People free essay sample

Manley Pointer exploits joy-Hulga’s weakness to the fullest extent, because she never sees it coming. Greatest flaws can often be found in those characters with physical impairments (Oliver). Joy/Hulga had grown cynical and cold as she grew up with only one leg and heart ailment. She creates an image that she is smarter and better than the rest of the characters in the story. Her education and self-absorption seemed to instill this attitude. Those who are physically crippled are often emotionally or spiritually crippled(Oliver). We can relate these impairments to Joy’s impairments. She emotionally died at age 10 when she lost her leg. Now her weakness is the feeling of power she believed she gained from her studies. She refers to herself as a person who â€Å"sees through nothing† (Flannery). Little does she know that she is stating her greatest weakness by saying this. Ideally good country people are moral, religious and therefore trustworthy. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Country People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mrs. Hopewell refers to Manley Pointer as â€Å"good country people† and â€Å"the salt of the earth† (Flannery). Good Christian people. The title of the story comes from what she likes to call the poorer and less fortunate people that live off the land and work their whole lives just to hang on to some scrap of a life. This is how she views these people. She believes that they are good country people not a bad seed among them, that they are all eager to help out. But Manley Pointer is really a demon, a demon that has come to remind them of their weaknesses. Hulga changes her name from Joy to spite her mother. Joy believes she had picked out the ugliest name she could find. But in all actuality the name true meaning â€Å"the holy one† Which is ironic as Joy is Atheist. â€Å"She is seeking, unconsciously, a moral and spiritual perfection that is holy in nature. That Hulga also likes to see herself in the part of Eve add not only to the irony of her name but her fate in the story† (Holsen). In the short story â€Å"Good Country People,† Flannery O’Connor utilizes the characters Joy Hopewell and Manley Pointer to expose how believing in nothing makes a person isolated and spiritually empty.

The Crazy Thing I Did This Summer free essay sample

Thing I Did During the Summer Vacation The summer vacation is expected by every student for each of a year, and no doubt Im no exception. So when the summer vacation is coming and along with the nice weather. Maybe it’s the good time for planning outdoor activities. Well, after finished discussed with my high school classmates, we decided to go to Kenting have fun for five days. And during these five days, there are some crazy things take place that I don’t want to admit what was really happened on me.The hotel where we ordered is near the beach. It is a nice hotel, the room is really big and the landscape is beautiful. During the daytime we play on the beach and enjoy the sunlight, but we know the nighttime is highlight and about to crazy and get high. At Kenting the â€Å"Transsexual Bar† is famous and people can easily see the Bar on street. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crazy Thing I Did This Summer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So my friends and I went into one, we danced and played the drinking games. I’m really not good at drinking games, I lose many times and to toss off almost every round.With the time goes by the alcohol was about full in my belly I was totally drunk. And that I am started being crazy and annoying. Well, according to my friends. After I got drunk, I went to other tables kissed every cute boys that in front of me. I climbed on the stage embrace the transsexual dancer and do the â€Å"Shake bon bon. † After dance over I rushed out the Bar and seated on the Kenting Street cried loud and cursed every boy that I had date for.My friends think I am really annoying than took me back to the hotel. But back to the hotel, I am started being violent, I through the seashells, that we collected at daytime, to each of my friends. Avoid getting hurt; all of them stayed far away from me until there are no seashells on my hands. My friends afraid I will break the hotel things so they took me out on the beach. I lie down and beginning to sing, and soon unconsciously felt asleep.When I wake up, I find out that I was sleep on the beach, than I know there is definitely something happened last night. After my friends told me everything, I was so embarrassed and feel really sorry to my friends. But they said never mind because they enjoyed seeing me losing control think that was really fun. After this crazy thing happened, I remind myself not to drink too much alcohol at future. And I love my friends because they took care about me even I was annoying. It’s really lovely and touching, thanks them.

Biology Focus Essay Example

Biology Focus Essay Example Biology Focus Paper Biology Focus Paper Scientists from the University of London found that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that live on shrubs are more likely to have contact with insects. Three species of annual plants were grown with and without the fungi. Insect visits to the flowers on the plants were observed randomly and recorded over a 2-month period. Control plants had no fungi growing on them. Gange and Smith found that the fungi had a symbiotic relationship with the plants which was beneficial for both. The fungi fed off of the plant. Plants with the fungi had an increased number of flowers and nectar reward for the insects; however, flower size was not affected. These findings are significant because, to date, only one other study analyzed whether the fungi can affect the behavior of pollinating insects. The results from this study by Wolfe et al. were similar to Gange and Smith in that the presence of fungi on these plants increased insect visitation. Wolfe et al. did not measure individual flower size. Also to date, this is the first study to assert that this fungi increases the nectar reward experienced by the insects. The implications of the fungi on plant reproduction, in general, are significant. The increased visits by insects whose intention are to pollinate may enhance the seed set and foster the production of more plants. In addition to indirectly enhancing the production of more plants, the fungi promotes the survival of plants in a particular plant community. The rationale behind this is that the fungi increase flower size and nectar reward for the plants. In return, these beefed up plants win the competition for insect visits as compared to plants without the fungi who may have smaller flowers and nectar reward. Bibliography Gange A, Smith A. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence visitation rates of pollinating insects. Ecological Entomology. 2005. 30;600-606. McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. 2003. Wolfe BE, Husband BC, Klironomos JN. Effects of a belowground mutualism on an aboveground mutualism. Ecology Letters. 8;218-223.

Outline and critically discuss what you see as the main examples of Essay

Outline and critically discuss what you see as the main examples of attempts to control crime using 'environmental controls - Essay Example Furthermore, the designs are meant for long term controls rather than employing more security guards or personnel in certain areas (Brewer, 2001). The designs are also likely to reduce the conflict or danger between the criminals and the judicial system among other benefits. Natural surveillance is the process of using modern cameras and technology to capture major incidences in certain areas for future reference and to pose threat to the criminals. Formal surveillance is the process through which the government or relevant authority installs watching mechanisms to record any criminal or suspicious acts in the community. The process could also mean ensuring sufficient space and light so that every activity in various places can be monitored without strain (Burke, 2004). This would increase chances to noting fishy activities and taking the appropriate actions. Natural surveillance may also limit the criminals from escaping the crime scenes and this would discourage them from making an y criminal attempts. This strategy could be implemented in various ways and this includes having landscape designs with well lit entries, having transparent walls in entry corridors to enhance noting anybody entering or leaving certain premise. The lighting designs should ensure good distribution of lighting devices and limit blind spots that may favor easy escape of criminals. There should be sufficient lightening in strategic areas like the ATMs, bus stations, children’s playgrounds, parking sites, recreational zones and major and minor pathways among others, and this should be placed in appropriate heights to capture everybody’s face and movements. Pedestrian tacks should be alongside the motor vehicle tracks to create more surveillance. Bright lights should be avoided in such strategic areas as it may cause blindness and favor criminal activities. It is important to consider the best light intensity in accordance to normal human sights. Curved streets have been use d in major developed nations to ease viewing of majority of residential entrances and reduce traffic speeds in case a certain criminal has been spotted. Natural surveillance may also involve installing mechanical monitoring devices like closed circuit television (CCTV) and cameras to capture the major movements or images in certain strategic places. The cameras are strategically placed at the entrances to record the entry or existence of every individual in such places. Some CCTVS and cameras are connected to alarming systems and this raises awareness in instances fishy or awkward activities are suspected. CCTVs are made with high resolution to capture both close and far objects, for future analysis. Informal surveillance on the other hand involves the community taking its own initiative to protect itself from criminal acts. Neighborhood watch schemes are popular in various regions of the United States and Europe, among other places. The community members are encouraged by homeland security to remain vigilant and report any suspicious individuals in the community. This has helped reduce domestic assaults, rape, negligence and bestiality among other crimes. Controlling access points is another environmental strategy to